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Health hazards in mushroom picking Risk of life-threatening mushroom poisoning
Poison emergency call at full speed
The poison emergency call in the Berlin Charité is currently in full swing. The mushroom season starts and thus the warning of dangerous toadstools.
The green tuberous mushroom is deadly poisonous and can easily be confused with edible mushrooms. (Awfoto / fotolia) Poisoning from ignorance
Toxicologist Friedrike Wittchen says, "We're seeing an increase in cases that affect people who just wanted to get mushrooms without knowing it."
Wrong warnings
One reason for the ignorance is the demonization of the fly agaric. Not only is it easy to recognize, it also has a hallucinogenic rather than lethal effect. In order to be seriously endangered, they would have to devour pots full of toadstools - on the other hand, a single specimen can be fatal in the green tuber-tree mushroom.
Asylum seekers at risk
Particularly affected are asylum seekers. Many come from countries where there is no mushroom mushroom. They consider it edible mushrooms in their old homeland and put themselves in mortal danger.
Good taste
The deadly tuber-tree mushroom does not taste bad, and therefore do not recognize him immediately as a poisonous.
Symptoms are deceptive
After several hours diarrhea and vomiting occur. The trick is: After that, the poisoned feel better and think prematurely, the poisoning would be over.
liver damage
The serious symptoms, however, start only after one to four days. Then the poison damages the liver.
Nausea after mushroom eating? Alert the doctor immediately
The MHH in Hannover clarifies with a poster in several languages and advises to seek a hospital immediately in case of suspected fungus poisoning.
Knollenblätterpilz
The green tuber-tree mushroom is responsible in Germany for 90% of all deadly mushroom poisoning. The white tuberous mushroom is also deadly poisonous, only the yellow tuberous toadstool does not threaten life - it is just inedible.
amanitin
Tuber-leaved mushrooms contain amanititin, a poison that damages the organs. That's why 50 grams of the mushroom can kill the life.
How can the toadstool be recognized??
A young green tuber mushroom has a hat in the shape of a hemisphere. Later, the hat turns olive to yellow-green. He has long white, later greenish slats. Its stem is very long and cylindrical, while green or yellow.
White dormouse mushroom
The white tuberous mushroom can be confused young with white mushrooms. Its lamellae are densely arranged and white, the stem long and white.
Typical smell
The green tuber mushroom has white flesh inside and pleasantly smells of honey.
Where do tuberous mushrooms grow??
Tuberous toadstools grow in deciduous forests and parks from July to October, preferring beech and acorns.
Pump out the stomach?
Just one hour after consumption, the phallotoxins enter the blood. Sign up with abdominal pain and diarrhea the first symptoms it is too late to pump out the stomach.
How is the poisoning??
After four to six days, the amatoxins work. Liver and kidney failure are the result, plus internal bleeding and jaundice. Now only one liver transplant helps, otherwise death will occur after around ten days.
What to do?
The German Society for Mycology advises: "Only collect mushrooms that you know for sure. Only if you are sure after repeated determination of the knowledge, think of the frying pan. "
Ask experts
The DgfM advises: "Have their mushrooms checked only by certified fungal experts for edibility and ask him for his ID of the DgfM."
Inform yourself
You can also attend fungal research seminars offered by DgfM. At the very least, you should get yourself a fungal destination book and, before working on mushrooms, get to know the species first.
excursions
The NABU, community colleges, wildlife parks such as the Wisentgehege in Springe or environmental offices offer guided mushroom excursions, where you get to know common food and toadstools.
Slats, color, smell
Mushroom identification books not only show the mushroom species in pictures, but also inform them how the mushroom smells, what color it has, where it grows and, above all, which poisonous species are to be confused with edible ones.
No lamellae mushrooms
For beginners, there is a basic rule: Do not collect lamellae mushrooms. The killers among the mushrooms are above all such Lamellenpilze, which can be confused with other Lamellenpilzen: Knappenblätterpilze see mushrooms very similar.
No mushrooms, chanterelles and stick sponges
Some of the most popular collector's mushrooms should be avoided at the beginning: chanterelles, stick sponges, mushrooms and haymeal all have poisonous doppelgangers.
sponge mushrooms
Sponge fungi have no lamellae under the hat, but a spongy tissue. That's why they're called Schwammerl in Bavaria. Here even the most toxic are life-threatening only in very large quantities, and only a few species are seriously poisonous, according to the Satan's pipe.
No alcohol
The Netzstielige Witcher's Eel can be eaten, but becomes poisonous if we drink alcohol at the same time.
The gallblader
Other sponge mushrooms taste bitter as bile: The gallbladder has a black net on the stem and a white to salmon-colored food, which "proliferates" under the hat edge and can be easily distinguished from edible mushrooms such as chestnuts.
Which sponge fungi are edible?
Sponge mushrooms include some of the best edible mushrooms: porcini mushrooms, chestnut shoots, birch mushrooms or red caps.
Easily recognizable?
The giant parakeet or parasol mushroom, which can be breadcrumbed into mushroom shreds, can also be easily recognized. (Dr. Utz Anhalt)