The back

The posterior side of the human upper body is generally referred to as the back, which adjoins the neck at the top and ends at the level of the coccyx at the bottom. The back is formed from the spine, the back sections of the ribs and the relatively pronounced back muscles and the surrounding connective tissue structures. The shoulder or the shoulder blades are by medical definition not attributable to the back, but they are colloquially often referred to as sections of the back. The spine is located in the middle of the back and is clearly recognizable as a line, which is bordered on both sides by the back muscles. The spinous processes of the individual vertebrae are usually recognizable through the skin. Between the vertebrae lie the intervertebral discs, which serve as a buffer and ensure the mobility of the spine. The various movements of the spine are controlled by the back muscles.

The spine is divided into the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, which consists of 24 mobile vertebrae with 23 intervertebral discs, as well as the sacrum and coccyx, which consist of several disorganized vertebrae. The spinal column is the supporting element of the back, which can be better cushioned by their slight S-shape shocks. It is exposed to considerable stress in the course of life, which can sometimes lead to degenerative spinal diseases or deformities. The herniated disc is one of the most well-known spinal disorders here. Another quite common degenerative spinal disease is the so-called spondylolisthesis. The most common deformity of the spine is scoliosis (spinal curvature), which can be caused, for example, by persistent one-sided strain.

Overall, the spectrum of possible complaints along the spine is extremely broad, and it is not uncommon for the neural pathways that run here to be affected, which, in addition to back pain and low back pain, can lead to discomfort in the respective supply area of ​​the nerves. If the sciatic nerve is trapped, for example, it often causes pain on the back of the thigh. In the worst case, the nerve tracts can be interrupted by a fracture of the spine, resulting in paraplegia. In addition to the spinal disorders that occur in the course of life, congenital disorders of the back are also possible. For example, the spina bifida forms a severe congenital developmental disorder, which is usually associated with lifelong impairments.

Back pain can be due to disturbances directly in the area of ​​the spine, but they are also frequently seen in connection with tension of the back muscles. The hardened muscles press on surrounding tissue structures and nerve tracts, causing the sufferers sometimes suffering from considerable pain. But also movement restrictions or a stiff back or a lumbago can go back to muscle tension. Muscular ailments are the cause of back pain, however, usually with massages, physiotherapy and possibly acupuncture can achieve a relatively timely relief. In addition to the mentioned impairments, however, various diseases of the rheumatic type such as, for example, ankylosing spondylitis, can lead to complaints in the back area, whereby treatment is only possible to a limited extent here. (Fp)

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