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Low urination
contents
- Normal amount of urine
- anuria
- causes
- Prerenal causes
- Renal causes
- Postrenal causes
- diagnosis
- therapy
- Low urination due to insufficient fluid
- Summary
Normal amount of urine
A normal daily amount of urine is about one to one and a half liters, with the frequency of toilets depends on various factors.
If only 500 milliliters of urine are given off per day, experts in the field are talking about an oliguria, which may be associated with severe kidney disease. (Image: tomschoumakers / fotolia.com) anuria
The anuria is the enhancement form of oliguria. Here, the daily amount of urine is only about 100 milliliters. This is an emergency that immediately belongs to a clinic.
causes
The causes of low urination are both prerenal (in front of the kidney), renal (in the kidney) and postrenal (after the kidney).
Prerenal causes
The prerenal, non-morbid causes include too low a drinking volume. This is often the case with older people. The thirst sensation decreases and those affected simply forget to drink. Exsiccosis (dehydration) due to diarrhea, vomiting, high fever, profuse sweating or heat stroke may also result in low urination. Another cause that occurs in front of the kidney is heart failure. The affected people store water in the tissue instead of excreting it.
High blood loss and anaphylactic shock can also lead to oliguria. If a feeding vessel to the kidney through a thrombosis, an embolism or a tumor, this may cause equally low urination. The prerenal causes include electrolyte disturbances, such as hyponatremia (too little sodium in the blood) and hypokalaemia (too little potassium in the blood). Both minerals, both sodium and potassium, have a very important role in the body: they balance the fluid balance.
Low urination can occur not least in connection with the hormonal disease Addison's disease. This is a serious disease of the adrenal cortex. Other causes of oliguria include x-ray contrast agents and drugs that damage the kidney.
The causes of oliguria may be prerenal (in front of the kidney), renal (in the kidney) and postrenally (after the kidney). (Image: psdesign1 / fotolia.com) Renal causes
The renal causes of oliguria include inflammation of the kidney tissue, as is the case for example with a glomerulonephritis, further cystic kidney, chronic renal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, infections (for example, pyelonephritis = pyelonephritis), pregnancy toxicity (syn: EPH-gestosis: blood pressure increase, Protein in the urine and edema) and poisoning (eg mercury)
Postrenal causes
Postrenal causes are, as the name implies, behind the kidney. These are transfers of the urinary tract due to scars, tumors, stones or prostatic hypertrophy (enlargement of the prostate).
diagnosis
If too little urination, various examinations are carried out in order to find the cause as quickly as possible and then be able to treat it properly.
Urine is collected for 24 hours to check urine daily intake. If the patient is in the hospital, the quantity of liquid supplied is precisely noted and then, if necessary by means of a catheter, the eliminated amount is checked every hour. A sonography of the kidneys, urethra, urethra, bladder, prostate and all associated vessels provides an overview of the entire genitourinary system and represents present pathological changes. More detailed examination possibilities are CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Especially important are laboratory tests of blood and urine. Urinary substances that are normally excreted can be identified here.
therapy
The therapy of low urination lies in the treatment of the underlying disease. It is important to take a too low leaving seriously and to see a doctor as soon as possible. For older people, living alone, this is usually found quite late. Symptoms of exsiccosis include standing skin folds, dizziness, weakness, dry mouth, dry armpits, confusion, decreased filling of jugular veins (important venous vessels of the cervical region), hypotension (low blood pressure), fall, shock and acute renal failure. If exsiccosis is suspected, this patient is immediately hospitalized.
Low urination due to insufficient fluid
Low urination due to insufficient fluid is easy to treat, but not so easy to do in many people. Many people just do not feel thirsty, at least their sense of thirst is reduced. Not only older patients are mentioned here. Often, children, adolescents and younger people are affected. To the question "How much do you drink or drink?" Comes the answer "I'm rarely thirsty." Or "A few cups of coffee a day, that's enough for me." And this is absolutely not enough. The DGE (German Nutrition Society) recommends the following calculation formula: 35 ml of water per kilogram of body weight per day for adults. In children, the amount of drinking depends on age, body weight, exercise, etc. Here 1.1 liters of water are recommended as a minimum.
Liquid is vital. Therefore, people who drink too little should try to outsmart themselves and force themselves to drink more. Maybe a big pot of water will help you on the desk, which has to be emptied before the work is over. Or a glass of water, deposited in a place where the victims often come by. This must be drunk every time and then immediately refilled. It is also important to carry a bottle of water on the road, in the city, in the car - so that there is always the possibility to drink.
In naturopathy, the Schüssler salt no. 8 is often prescribed. This has a regulating effect on the fluid balance - in both directions. With sodium chloratum D6, you can try to develop a normal thirst again.
Summary
Too little urination damages your health. The body needs fluid to survive. Water is also used to rinse the body and thus to convey slag to the outside. Poisons can accumulate and cause damage. If the urination is too low, the causes must be clarified and treated. (Sw)
Specialist supervision: Barbara Schindewolf-Lensch (doctor)