Forearm

The lower part of the arms between the elbow and the hand is called the forearm. Its bone structure consists of ulna and radius, which together with the humerus form the elbow joint at its upper end. The wrist, however, is merely a connection between the lower end of the spine and the carpal bones - the ulna is not involved here. The ulna and radius are relatively tightly connected by ligaments and the surrounding connective tissue structures, but two spokes-cuboid joints allow the spoke to rotate about the ulna. This is essential for the motor skills when gripping and other hand movements.

The forearm bones are surrounded by numerous muscle groups, which on the one hand function as flexors and extensors for the wrist or the elbow joint and on the other hand control the rotational movement. For example, the extensor muscles of the forearm include the brachioradialis muscle and the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. Lower extensor muscles are the supinator muscle and the abductor pollicis longus muscle, with the deeper muscle groups also serving to move the fingers. Flexors (flexors) of the forearm are in the superficial muscle layer, for example, the flexor carpi radialis muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. For example, the pronator quadratus muscle and the flexor pollicis longus muscle are located lower than parts of the flexor muscles. The various forearm muscles are surrounded or subdivided by the forearm fascia. Tendons and ligaments stabilize the joints and act as a force transfer during contraction of the muscles, which is required for the joint movements. Overall, there is a substantial portion of the muscles in the forearm, which is needed to move the fingers and hands.

In addition to bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons, numerous nerve tracts and blood vessels pass through the forearm. For example, the radial artery or the ulnar artery in the area of ​​the ulna, as well as the cephalic vein on the side of the spokes and the vena basilica on the ulnar side are located here. The most important nerve tracts are the radial nerve, the median nerve and the ulnar nerve. The most common complaints in the forearm are based on impairments of the nerve tract, such as tendonitis, when tendon sheath swelling causes compression of the median nerve causing a carpal tunnel syndrome. In addition to forearm pain here are sensations such as tingling or numbness in the fingers possible consequences. Also, the mobility is sometimes significantly limited. Similar complaints show up in a so-called mouse arm, tennis elbow or golf arm. Together, the complaints have been caused by increased stress, as they occur in various sports but also when working on the computer. Last but not least, the forearm bones are also relatively susceptible to fractures, with the spoke in particular being increasingly affected by falls and accidents. (Fp)

forearm

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