The abdomen (abdomen)

The abdomen forms the front portion of the upper body between the breast and the pelvis. The medical specialty is Abdomen. The abdominal area is further subdivided into the upper abdomen (above the navel, between the costal arches to the lower tip of the sternum), middle abdomen (bony area around the navel) and lower abdomen (below the navel, between the pelvic bones). The abdomen is characterized in particular in the middle area by a relatively pronounced musculature, which is covered by more or less thick fat pads. The internal cavity of the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity. It contains numerous organs such as the stomach, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine or pancreas. The abdominal cavity is delimited upwards from the chest cavity by the diaphragm. The lower boundary is the pelvic floor and hip bone.

In the abdominal area, a number of symptoms can occur, ranging from more external diseases such as an umbilical hernia or hernia on infectious diseases of the digestive tract to severe diseases of the internal organs (for example, cirrhosis, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc.). Often, discomfort in the digestive tract is the first sign of abdominal disease. Gastric pressures, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea and vomiting are typical symptoms here, but the range of possible causes is extremely broad. For example, behind the symptoms there may be a rather harmless gastrointestinal infection, although sometimes the symptoms may be due to cancer of the stomach or duodenum. An inflated abdomen, in turn, is associated with food intolerance, but can also be due to severe liver disease. Overall, the diagnosis of diseases in the abdominal area is therefore often rather difficult and it requires in particular for long-term complaints of extensive examinations to determine the cause of the symptoms.

In addition, discomfort in the abdominal area may also be due to diseases of the heart or internal genital organs, which further complicates the diagnosis. For example, in a heart attack in addition to chest pain sometimes pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting can be observed. Lower abdominal pain may be associated with inflammation of the epididymis or testicular torsion, and inflammation of the fallopian tube or ovaries is often associated with pelvic pain. Not infrequently, women also suffer from drawing abdominal pain during menstruation, which radiate into the abdominal area.

There is also a relationship between mental stress and diseases in the abdominal area. For example, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease are considered largely psychosomatic. Psychological stress often plays a role in the development of gastric ulcers. Stress is generally rated as a risk factor for a wide variety of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. At times, this also results in unusual eating habits, which can lead to overweight and obesity (adiposity). Also, lack of exercise and a high-fat and high-calorie diet are possible causes of obesity, especially the increased production of belly fat from health aspects is rated particularly critical. Because excessive belly fat in turn is considered a risk factor for various other diseases, such as diabetes or coronary heart disease. (Fp)

belly

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